Bone morphogenetic protein signaling regulates skin inflammation via modulating dendritic cell function

B-cell translocation gene 2 (Btg2) regulates vertebral patterning by modulating bone morphogenetic protein/smad signaling.

Btg2 is a primary p53 transcriptional target gene which may function as a coactivator-corepressor and/or an adaptor molecule that modulates the activities of its interacting proteins. We have generated Btg2-null mice to elucidate the in vivo function of Btg2. Btg2-null mice are viable and fertile but exhibit posterior homeotic transformations of the axial vertebrae in a dose-dependent manner. C...

Regulates Early Thymocyte Differentiation Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/4 Signaling

OAZ regulates bone morphogenetic protein signaling through Smad6 activation.

The intensity and duration of activation of a signal transduction system are important determinants of the specificity of the cellular response to the stimulus. It is unclear how different cells can generate a signal of varying intensity and duration in response to the same cytokine. We investigated the role of the transcriptional activator and Smad1/4 cofactor OAZ in regulating bone morphogene...

Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates inflammation in adipocyte of obese rats via toll-like receptors 4 signaling

Objective(s): To explore whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulates inflammation in adipose tissue of obese rats via TLR4 signaling. Materials and Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, and body weight, food intake, and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to determine mRNA or protein expression of TLR4, TRAF6, IKK...

Function of bone morphogenetic protein signaling during mouse development.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play pleiotropic roles during development and after birth in many different organisms. BMPs are members of TGF-beta superfamily. There are more than 20 members with three type II receptors and three type I receptors. Genetic approaches using the mouse as a model system revealed many of the functions of BMPs. Particularly, results obtained through loss-of-funct...